特 异 性： 人CD54
检测标本： 细胞培养液、体液、血清、血浆和组织匀浆等
检测范围： 0.125ng/ml→10ng/ml
预期应用
ELISA法定量测定人血清、血浆、细胞培养物上清或其它相关液体中ICAM-1含量。
实验原理
本试剂盒应用双抗体夹心酶标免疫分析法测定标本中ICAM-1水平。用纯化的抗体包被微孔板，制成固相抗体，往包被单抗的微孔中依次加入ICAM-1抗原、生物素化的抗人ICAM-1抗体、HRP标记的亲和素，经过彻底洗涤后用底物TMB显色。TMB在过氧化物酶的催化下转化成蓝色，并在酸的作用下转化成最终的黄色。颜色的深浅和样品中的ICAM-1呈正相关。用酶标仪在450nm波长下测定吸光度（OD值），计算样品浓度。
Intended use
This immunoassay kit allows for the specific measurement of human Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM-1) concentrations in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma.
Introduction
Adhesion molecules mediate the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix and with other cells. The immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins contains a large class of adhesion molecules with multiple immunoglobulin-like domains. ICAM is a member of this family. It is a 90 kDa type-I transmembrane glycoprotein with five Ig-like extracellular domains. The most important ligands for ICAM-1 are the _2 integrins LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), which
are expressed on leukocytes. ICAM-1 thus mediates the adhesion of leukocytes to ICAM-1-expressing cells. ICAM-1 also binds fibrinogen, hyaluronan, Rhinoviruses, Plasmodium
falciparum-infected erythrocytes and CD43 (sialophorin) ICAM-1 is either a transmembrane protein (mICAM-1) or soluble (sICAM-1). mICAM-1 is expressed on endothelial and epithelial cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, keratinocytes, dendritic cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hepatocytes and fibroblasts. Regulation of ICAM-1 expression is cell specific. Up-regulation generally is by inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1) and down-regulation generally is by anti-inflammatory agents (e.g.glucocorticoids). One important, well-characterized function of ICAM-1 is immune-cell trafficking. At sites of inflammation, inflammatory cytokines induce up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression on vascular endothelial cells and activation of leukocyte integrins (LFA-1 and Mac-1). This leads to adhesion of leukocytes to the local endothelium, an essential step in migration of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. sICAM-1 has been reported in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage. sICAM-1 likely arises by proteolytic cleavage of mICAM-1; synthesis from an alternatively spliced message has not been found. In general, elevated levels of serum ICAM-1 appear to be associated with inflammatory conditions and certain malignancies. It has, however, been pointed out that in inflammatory conditions, where the ligands LFA-1 and Mac-1 are likely to be activated, binding and clearance of sICAM-1 might be enhanced, so that a reciprocal relationship between sICAM-1 levels and inflammation also is possible.
Test principle
This assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. A monoclonal antibody specific for ICAM-1 has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any ICAM-1 present is bound by the immobilized antibody. An enzyme-linked monoclonal antibody specific for ICAM-1 is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of ICAM-1 bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.
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